Figure 1 SERVQUAL gap scores in hospital and polyclinic. Source: Author’s own work More about this image found in SERVQUAL gap scores in hospital and polyclinic. Source: Author’s own work

Figure 2 The overall SERVQUAL gap scores in hospital and polyclinic. Source: Author’s own work More about this image found in The overall SERVQUAL gap scores in hospital and polyclinic. Source: Author’...

Figure 1 Intention to Adopt EHRs to improve the quality of healthcare. Source: Authors’ own work More about this image found in Intention to Adopt EHRs to improve the quality of healthcare. Source: Autho...

Figure A1 Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 24 (patient fall resulting in death or severe complication requiring treatment) from the hospital perspective A pie chart shows service categories with hotel services as the largest share and other services as the smallest. The pi... More about this image found in Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 24 (patient fall resu...

Figure A2 Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 4 (retention of surgical items in the patient's body) from the hospital perspective A pie chart shows service categories with drugs and consumables as the largest share and nursing services as the smallest. The pie chart displays ... More about this image found in Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 4 (retention of surgi...

Figure A3 Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 1 (surgical operation performed incorrectly on a healthy organ) from the hospital perspective A pie chart shows service categories with therapeutic procedures as the largest share or consultations as the smallest. The pie chart di... More about this image found in Percentage of direct costs associated with error code 1 (surgical operation...

Figure 1 Respondents' sex distribution % A pie chart showing sex distribution between male and female groups. The chart is a circular pie chart divided into two segments representing sex categories. The larger segment occupies most of the circle and is labeled “75.4”, corresponding to “Male”. ... More about this image found in Respondents' sex distribution % A pie chart showing sex distribution bet...

Figure 2 The prescription rates of the four distinct therapeutic regimens A vertical bar chart showing percentage distribution across four treatment regimens. The vertical axis ranges from 0.0 to 30.0 with an interval of 5.0. The horizontal axis lists four categories: “Conventional Triple regi... More about this image found in The prescription rates of the four distinct therapeutic regimens A verti...

Figure 1 Standardised structural model with explained variance (R²), showing both the direct effect of training effectiveness on health workforce performance and the indirect pathway through knowledge management and soft-skill competence. Note: Measurement model and indicator loadings are reported in the Supplementary ( Figure S1 and Tables) A structural path diagram showing relationships among training effectiveness, knowledge management, skill, and performance. The structural path diagram shows four oval nodes connected by directional arrows with beta coefficients and R squared values. On the bottom left, the oval labeled “Training Effectiveness” appears. From “Training Effectiveness”, a vertical upward arrow labeled “beta equals 0.76” leads to the oval labeled “Knowledge Management” at the top left. From “Knowledge Management”, a horizontal right-pointing arrow labeled “beta equals 0.80” leads to the oval labeled “Soft Skill Competence” at the top right. From “Training Effectiveness”, a diagonal upward right-pointing arrow labeled “beta equals 0.21” leads to “Soft Skill Competence”. From “Training Effectiveness”, a horizontal right-pointing arrow labeled “beta equals 0.30” leads to the oval labeled “Health Workforce Performance” at the bottom right. From “Soft Skill Competence”, a vertical downward arrow labeled “beta equals 0.64” leads to “Health Workforce Performance”. Above the ovals, the R squared values are shown as “R squared equals 0.57” above “Knowledge Management”, “R squared equals 0.94” above “Soft Skill Competence”, and “R squared equals 0.80” above “Health Workforce Performance”. More about this image found in Standardised structural model with explained variance (R...

Figure 1 Article selection process. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A flowchart shows study selection steps with exclusions from initial sample to final sample. The flowchart is divided into three stages labeled on the left as “Identification”, “Screening”, and “Refining”. Rectangular boxe... More about this image found in Article selection process. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A flowcha...

Figure 2 Number of publication and citation per year. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A combined bar and line graph shows that both documents and citations increase steadily over time from 2004 to 2024. The combined graph displays the number of documents and citations over time from 2004 t... More about this image found in Number of publication and citation per year. Source(s): Authors' own work (...

Figure 3 Co-authorship network visualization. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A network map of author clusters with colored nodes and links shows grouped collaborations and connections. The network map displays multiple clusters of nodes, each represented by circles with labels, connected ... More about this image found in Co-authorship network visualization. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) ...

Figure 4 Keyword co-occurrence analysis. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A network map shows nursing-related keywords with colored clusters centered on “nurse”, “nurses”, and “nursing”. The network map displays multiple clusters of nodes, each represented by circles with labels, connected ... More about this image found in Keyword co-occurrence analysis. Source(s): Authors' own work (2026) A ne...