... empirical literature on the macroeconomic determinants of housing affordability in a developing country context. Using the Housing Affordability Index, the study provides valuable insights for developing more targeted policy interventions to improve access to affordable housing for vulnerable populations...

... the consistency and influencing factors of various indicators on the evaluation of housing affordability. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses multiyear data on house sales, residents’ incomes and living expenses from 2011 to 2022. House price-to-income ratio, housing affordability index and residual...

.../methodology/approach To investigate determinants of uniquely constructed effective housing affordability index and house price to income ratio index, the author uses a bound testing approach to cointegration and error correction models, besides causality tests, variance decompositions and impulse response...

... market contexts by constructing aggregate-/city-level housing cost-to-income (HCI) ratio, adjusted HCI (AHCI) ratio, housing affordability index (HAI) and effective HAI sensitive to multiple calculation methodologies and alternative data set involving income distribution and poverty tranches. Findings...