... spectrum applications. When compared to other existing techniques, the suggested research work achieves enhanced efficiency with respect to both throughputs as well as delay. Originality/value The proposed HFDNM improved the transmission delay at 3 SUs with 0.004 s/message and 0.008 s/message when...

... are employed simultaneously, then the overall performance does raise as expected. In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the linear NC has been shown to enhance the performance of network throughput and reduce delay. However, the NC condition of existing NC-aware routings may experience the issue of false-coding...