... a reliable solution for maintaining connectivity during critical scenarios such as terrestrial environmental crises when traditional infrastructure is unavailable. Originality/value Conventional localization methods in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as received signal strength (RSS), often entail...

..., and connected homes and cities. Network security Wireless sensor network Mobile ad-hoc network IoT applications Network attacks Intrusion detection system The literature section reveals several classifications for the attack on the WSNs and other networks. Here, the active or passive attacker...

... are employed simultaneously, then the overall performance does raise as expected. In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the linear NC has been shown to enhance the performance of network throughput and reduce delay. However, the NC condition of existing NC-aware routings may experience the issue of false-coding...