...Bob Kane; John Crawford; David Grant In this study, scales were developed to measure the extent to which organisations exhibited “soft” or “hard” approaches to HRM, and the extent to which potential barriers to the effective operation of HRM were present. The sample comprised 549 employees...

... of the attention was directed at key line managers who were identified as devising, driving and delivering change,rather than the more usual personnel manager spokespersons. © MCB UP Limited 1995 Barriers Field research Human resource management The crude scores also say a little about...