... that a longer period of education signals higher productivity, whereas an educational failure, in terms of not having passed the upper secondary level, signals the contrary. Similarly, economic inactivity, and in particular the duration of economic inactivity, may itself send a strong signal to employers...

... Crisis Added worker effect Inactivity D10 J16 J22 Growing unemployment has become an issue of concern during the recent economic crisis. At the same time, there are important country and gender differences behind it. In Italy, the newly unemployed men are mainly those who lost their job...