... Portugal, covering the period 1986‐2000 are used in the study. Econometric methods are also used, including random effects tobit models, fixed effects and instrumental variables. Findings Unlike in previous research (which typically does not consider causal relationships), the paper presents evidence...

...Ana Rute Cardoso; Chiara Monfardini; Anabela Carneiro; Pedro Portugal Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent the existence of high labor adjustment costs has some influence on the process of wage negotiation. In particular, it aims to analyse if the risk of being laid...

... different specifications. We find that, for the case of specification 3 (controls for human capital and occupation only), these statistics lie between 0.154 and 0.213. © MCB UP Limited 2003 Pay differentials Garment industry Portugal How competitive are labour markets? Economists have...