... by addressing two questions: (a) Which types of HRM bundles are most strongly related to different forms of innovation (i.e. process and product innovation)? And (b) Which mechanism provides a stronger explanation for the positive effects of HRM bundles on innovation? Design/methodology/approach Based...

... insecurity. The link is specifically strong for foreign-owned firms with high personnel turnover or poor employment growth. It is also stronger if the foreign-owned firm providing managerial profit sharing. However, the link tends to be negative for foreign-owned firms with product innovations...

...’ downsizing strategies by designing, for example, public subsidies systems that deliberately prompt both types of innovations. Originality/value The authors make an effort to provide alternative explanations about why firms downsize, as they analyze different types of process and product innovations whose...