... uncertainty Sustainability performance ESG Firm's life cycle Europe Panel data C23 G18 G30 P34 To build the image of responsible corporate citizens among investors, consumers and other stakeholders, many firms share publicly their sustainability performance [environmental, social...

... defaulting in 2008. This was a surprising finding because of their claimed/alleged reliance on credibility of rating (Ariff et al., 2018). Debt-taking by sovereigns Country credit rating Panel data analysis Threshold values Debt and country macroeconomics F34 H30 H62 C23...

... that face difficulty in acquiring adequate funds from external sources to finance their growth. C23 D82 G32 L25 Law of proportionate effects Financial constraints Growth-cash flow sensitivity Liquidity constraints Small firms Young firms © Emerald Publishing Limited 2021 Emerald...

... market competition Crude oil price uncertainty Corporate investment Asymmetric effects D40 Q43 G31 C23 E22 Most investment expenditures are at least partly irreversible, that is, there is a cost of reducing capital. As a result, the irreversibility of investment and the uncertainty...

... and performance is unconvincing.” Financial crisis African ECOWAS Panel models Banks profitability C23 E44 F20 G01 G21 L23 This study examines the impacts of the financial crisis on the determinants of bank profitability. Previous studies (Dietrich and Wanzenried, 2011 ; Flamini et...