... Outsider CEOs Information asymmetry Institutional transparency D82 G3 M51 M12 Funding: We are grateful to Rebecca Allan, John Buonaccorsi, Peter Cappelli, Darren Challis, Kimberly Hill, Markus Höllerer, Keith Howson, Jodie Landstra, George Shinkle and Gilbert Valentine...

.... Social capital Cooperative norm Non-CEO executives’ pay dispersion Pay inequality CEO pay gap D23 J31 J40 M12 M52 Community social capital, captured by the strength of cooperative norms and the density of social networks within geographical areas, has been shown to provide...

... combined different means of intervention including the guaranteed debt issuance programs, direct equity injections and the purchase of distressed assets by the government (Breitenfellner and Wagner, 2010). G21 G02 G38 M12 M52 J33 Government interventions CEO compensation Pay...

.... Employee treatment Readability Reading difficulty Annual report D23 G14 G38 M12 Prior studies document a positive relation between employee treatment and firm performance (Edmans, 2011 ; Guo et al., 2016 ; Miles and Mangold, 2005 ; Mito, 1990). These findings are consistent...

... market signaling Firm performance G40 M12 An emerging literature has begun documenting the importance of executive characteristics to firm performance. Prior studies have shown a substantial impact of C-suite members' attributes, such as education (King et al., 2016 ; Gupta...