... it means a joint enterprise in which all the partners share the profit or loss of the joint venture (Usmani, 1999). Musharakah (or Sharaka)[1] can be defined as a “form of partnership where two or more persons combine their capital or labour together, to share the profits, enjoying similar rights...

... criteria, and rational economic optimization. Findings There are four major findings. First, an Islamic financing partnership based on complementary capital is proven to necessarily yield a lower beta‐risk of investments than that compared to the market. Second, in order for the above conclusion...