... on knowledge and tokens, although widely used, lead to most security breaches. While providing various advantages, biometrics are also subject to security threats. Using multiple factors together for authentication provides more certainty about a user’s identity; thus, leading to a more reliable, effective...

... biometrics in conjunction with a personal identification number (PIN)-based authentication method, and demonstrate its benefits in terms of strengthening the security of authentication services for mobile devices. Design/methodology/approach The investigation has made use of three light-weighted matching...