... The study followed a rigorous scale development process comprising item generation, expert validation, pretesting, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 404 middle-level managers working in automotive manufacturing companies across China...

... questionnaire. First, to arrive at a consensus of the factors that construe mental toughness, a meta-ethnography was done. Subsequently, a measure of mental toughness was developed and tested following scale development norms. Findings Drawing from the results of qualitative inquiry, four factors of mental...

... Publishing Limited 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Scale development Eco-innovation Natural resource-based view Sustainable development commitment Eco-innovation encompasses any innovation that aims to generate economic value while concurrently...

... Quantitative research approach was used in the scale development process. First, the logistical performance literature was analyzed in detail, and it was evaluated that the logistics performance consists mainly of logistics efficiency, logistics differentiation, logistics agility and logistics effectiveness...

... Competency-based performance management Leadership competencies Organizational performance and productivity Scale development Structural equation modelling PMS Various methodologies such as goal setting, skill profiling, performance feedback, management by objectives (MBO), 360-degree feedback, ACs...