...) , whose model is the main theoretical reference of the econometric studies devoted to monetary provisions. Bhattacharyya and Lafontaine (1995) study several contexts and show that issues related to risk are not necessary. The two‐sided moral hazard context involves ongoing payments to the upstream firm...

... the current major payment options open to consumers, and accepted by retailers, with a review of the costs and benefits of each payment option. Considers the electronic purse pilot of Mondex as a new payment option and looks at the issues facing retailers with the introduction of smart cards. Concludes...