...-responsive digital literacy initiatives and affordability interventions to promote equitable technology use. Originality/value This study contributes novel insights into the intersection of energy poverty, gender and digital inequality in rural Ghana. It offers disaggregated empirical evidence that can...

..., and 55% are below the minimum mathematical competence (MOE, 2023 ; World Bank, 2022). These statistics underscore that enrolment gains have not translated into corresponding improvements in skills acquisition and productivity. This study posits that energy poverty, a lack of access to affordable, modern...