... History Industrial revolution Japan Politics A most interesting aspect from the viewpoint of social economics is that Japan, rather than being colonized at the time of the Western Powers’ advances in East Asia, continued as an independent nation, and subsequently was rapidly modernized...

...‐engineered, resulting in shorter working hours, continuing the trend which originated with the Industrial Revolution, when work hours were reduced from 80 to 60, and similar reductions as a result of subsequent developments. 4 Increasing numbers of the unemployed remain so for longer periods of time...

... as socio‐economic and political structures destined to solve the problem of the industrial revolution and modernization of backward and peasant nations under the conditions of the twentieth century, then the enigma disappears. Soviet‐type societies become what they are in reality: a variety of capitalism...