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THE BENEFIT of lubricants and of additives an “lubricant modifiers” has been known for centuries. For example, animal fat was used to reduce friction and thus squeaking, of Roman chariot wheels sulphur was employed to aid the machining of iron during the Industrial Revolution, The type of additives which will be discussed in this paper are, however, of more recent origin and are complex chemical compounds which are added in controlled quantities to lubricating fluids to enhance or modify their specific natural properties.

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