... are studied from the perspective of friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system and feedback vibration of the rail irregularity. Findings The rail corrugation with short wavelength is primarily induced by the friction self-excited vibration of wheel-rail system. In contrast, the rail...

... roughness under the same load. Self-excited vibration occurs at a low speed (less than 0.6 m/s). It transforms from stick-slip motion at 0.4 m/s to pure sliding at 0.5 m/s. A high stiffness makes contact resistance fluctuate violently, while increasing the damping coefficient can suppress the self-excited...