... Group Publishing Limited 2011 Communication technologies Information systems Data handling The increasing amount of data is creating challenges to companies' data management practices, causing data quality problems which are very common in today's companies (Lee et al., 2006...

... to assist the business managers to effectively understand the issues and technologies behind EPM implementation. Data handling Storage Online databases Business performance As businesses move further into the twenty‐first century, their managers increasingly need accurate and timely...

... resource planning Data handling As suggested by Bentley (1998) , DeMeis (1998) , and Santarini (2002) , organizations’ networks begin with data servers; middleware servers can query them for information and deliver it to desktop workstations. Companies that wish to transform their operating...

... are missing at random (MAR). ML and EM algorithms were also discussed in Dempster et al.’s (1977) work. Data handling Database management systems Information gathering Information retrieval Missing or inconsistent data has been a pervasive problem in data analysis since the origin...