...Zahra Khalilnezhad; Karim Eslamloueyan Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of the oil crash during the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, energy and the environment in MENA countries, with and without fiscal policy, in a global context. Design/methodology/approach This study...

... are specific to Türkiye, they have broader implications, enriching the understanding of emerging economies. Türkiye’s status as a key representative of emerging markets strengthens the study’s value, as the results can serve as a reference point for other countries with similar economic structures...

... Ethicality Riba Halal investment MSMEs Economy Islamic finance principles MSME performance The benefits of adhering to Islamic principles in business activities are universal to all stakeholders in a given economy, according to numerous studies (Hassan et al., 2022 ; Komilov, 2022...