... operations more smoothly by devising an alternative source of financing especially during crises such as the global financial crisis 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The divergence approach is used for a critical analysis of existing literature to derive the best possible...

... the crisis. Larger commercial banks are less risky and more stable and profitable than smaller banks before the global financial crisis. Islamic banks performed better in terms of fee income, capitalization, liquidity, asset quality and have higher market concentration than conventional banks. Originality...

... on average for the period of analysis. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Cost efficiency Data envelopment analysis Global financial crisis Allocative efficiency Technical efficiency Commercial banks play an important role in transferring funds from those who have a surplus...