... model ( MDFM ) that integrates risk-sharing-based (sukuk-compatible) capital, cooperative ownership, government support, and public asset monetization. Design/methodology/approach The study reconstructs an SPV-based cash-flow model and calibrates it using empirical data from Hangzhou’s self-financed...

..., it is relevant to avoid inconsistent flows from investments at uneven interval of time, which could lead to vague or uncertainty of returns on investment: Equation 2 © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015 Profit distribution Islamic insurance Shariah compliance Risk-sharing Islamisation...