... in the global value chains (GVCs) of countries producing intermediate goods. Design/methodology/approach We extend Johnson (2014) international real business cycle (IRBC) model to integrate the foreign value added by intermediate exporters within a forward-linkage GVC. Findings Model simulations...

... International business risks Global value chain Technology change The global economy is facing new challenges, including overcoming the slow economy in the world and minimizing the risks due to a depressed world economy. Additionally, countries must manage international business and trade under...