...Tianshi Lu; Heyuan Li; Jeroen Feij; Jian Zhang; Zhenming Li; Guang Ye In recent years, blast-furnace slag ( BFS ) composite cement, which partially replaces ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) with a by-product from the manufacture of iron, has been widely used in civil engineering due to its numerous...

... 12 2025 © 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only alkali-activated cements apparent activation energy blast-furnace slag fly ash (PFA) kinetics Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2024QE333 ZR2022QE064...

... of C₃S while rapid cooling prevents alteration of the C₂S crystalline structure. This innovation significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and activity of the SSS, offering promising avenues to increase its utilisation rate. blast-furnace slag cement paste cement cementitious...

... blast-furnace slag C-(A)-S-H fly ash XRD Increasing environmental concerns are placing a significant emphasis on reducing the clinker factor and the usage of clinker-based cements. The development of eco-efficient binders that have less environmental impact is thus being actively researched...

... grinding reduced the reaction rate. 16 04 2021 24 01 2022 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2022 blast-furnace slag fly ash geopolymers Geopolymers, as a substitute for Portland cement, can be considered green building materials as their production involves the recycling...