... consumption and production UN SDG 13: Climate action waste valorisation Cement production has a considerable environmental footprint, primarily due to its high consumption of raw materials and significant carbon dioxide (CO _{2) emissions. The manufacture of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) alone}...

..., innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production waste valorisation World population growth and technological and industrial advancements have created a significant demand for urban buildings, which in turn has increased the global demand for cement (Shubbar et...

... © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only cement cement-based composite materials cementitious materials co-calcination electromagnetic wave absorption environment heavy metals industrial wastes red mud rice husk waste...

... Limited Licensed re-use rights only blended cements carbonation rice husk ash waste valorisation t exposure time in accelerated carbonation environment k carbonation coefficient χ carbonation depth Carbon dioxide (CO _{2) emissions}...

... 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2025 ettringite modelling mortars paste waste valorisation UN SDG 13: Climate action The environment can be significantly influenced by cement manufacture, which consumes large amounts of natural resources and generates huge...

... m sat − m hyd × 100 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2024 chemical characterisation composite material mechanical properties mortar thermophysical properties Washingtonia robusta fibre waste valorisation The world population...

... by Autopore IV 9500 mercury intrusion porosimeter. 06 09 2023 27 11 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2024 accelerating mechanism alkali-free liquid accelerator compressive strength fluorine-containing silicon residue hydration solid waste waste valorisation...

... clinker was lower than the cooling of cement clinker in an industrial setting, where the clinker is usually cooled by air within minutes (Li et al., 2014). calcium sulfate C₃S cement/cementitious materials cement paste waste valorisation Basic oxygen furnace slag...

... reserved 2022 aggregates alkali-activated cements durability microstructure waste valorisation Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and natural fine aggregates are essential and the most used materials in the construction industry. However, the manufacture of cement is a highly energy-intensive...

... with relatively low CCS. 12 11 2021 12 11 2021 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2021 C3A high alumina cement waste valorisation Calcium aluminate cement (CAC), otherwise known as aluminous cement or high-alumina cement, consists of various calcium aluminates as the reactive...

... was quantified in the clinkers, except for the clinker with boron (SD3-OP_B), as discussed later. bauxite, clay residue Belterra Clay calcium-sulfoaluminate sulfate-based cements waste valorisation Cements base on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) are considered to be an important and real...

... moulds of 40 × 40 × 160 mm, vibrated mechanically for 2 min and cured under the conditions described above for paste samples. 12 07 2020 29 01 2021 30 03 2021 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2021 calcined clays geopolymers waste valorisation National...

... rights reserved 2021 characterisation techniques pozzolans waste valorisation An isothermal calorimeter (Calmetrix I-cal 2000) was used to measure the rate of hydration heat over 75 h at 25°C. Duplicate samples of each mixture were made and approximately 60 g of paste was placed...

... 2017 05 05 2017 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2017 clinkering/clinkering reactions special cements waste valorisation Figure 1. Furnace used for the experiments where sulfur was transferred from the gas to the solid phase. The entire unit was housed in a ventilated...