... Gravity model The EU Africa C33 C87 F42 Nevertheless, the trade between the EU and Africa is traced back to the colonial era (Kareem, 2011) when Africa exported crude agri-food commodities while it imported finished products from the EU. This makes the EU member states Africa's...

...-use rights only C33 C51 F14 L11 Increased volatility in international agricultural commodity prices, particularly in the dairy industry, has become a major concern for farmers, processors and policymakers. Dairy products account for around 14% of global agricultural trade; hence...

... 07 2020 29 07 2020 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Out-farm migration Intersectoral migration Remittances Dynamic panel time-series model Panel data Developing countries C33 F22 F24 The re-allocation...