... This paper proposes that a three-level supply chain will be turned into a bi-level supply chain of petroleum products by simultaneous integration of the middle level with the upstream and downstream levels. Also, it is integrally optimized by considering the multiple managerial flows' mutual results...

... on the initiatives of the sales team. Design/methodology/approach Two approaches are examined. In the non-collaborative approach, any member of the supply chain can be the leader and takes decisions to optimize the profits, and in the collaborative system, all members make joint decisions about the production...

...Rajendra Sahu; Mohit Jain; Geshu Garg The problem of portfolio optimization involves selecting appropriate stocks for investment by maximising the returns from the portfolio at a pre‐specified level of risk. The current approaches center around Markowitz’s mean variance optimization method...