... the protein’s C-terminus using primer design (Figure 2(a)). RNA extraction from maize leaves and subsequent cDNA synthesis was previously conducted in our earlier study. 21 A forward primer (F) with a NcoI restriction site and a reverse primer (R) with a BamHI restriction site were used to amplify the coding...

...Lixin Wang; Xinyu Jiang; Shiming Lan; Shixing Yan; Shiyun Dong During the braking process, temperature of brake disc in high-speed light-load vehicles sharply increases, causing the thermal fatigue crack. Therefore, it is necessary to design new brake disc and study its thermomechanical...

.... The development of such concepts is described by the process of biomimetics, encompassing several steps. In Practice, beneficiaries of the process face challenges. Therefore, to overcome challenges and to facilitate the steps, tools have been developed in various areas, such as engineering, computing and design...

... technical and non-technical boundaries. One approach to training engineers in these competencies is teaching biomimicry or bioinspired design in an engineering curriculum, which offers relevance to professional practice as well as an effective hook to frame complex, cross-disciplinary problems...

.... A concept which can bridge this gap is the trade-off, which leads to speciation in biology and aspects of design and problem-solving in engineering. An ontology is described which uses biological organisms as case studies. Terms have been adapted from TRIZ (the Russian system for solving problems creatively...

... initiatives in the area of biomimetics, biomimicry and bio-inspired design. The ISO Technical Committee (TC) ISO/TC 229 ‘Nanotechnologies’ was launched in 2005 – although its business plan 4 mentions the importance of biology, to date, the TC does not appear to have addressed biomimetic aspects specifically...

... will help teachers and senior researchers disseminate useful concepts and real examples of biomimetic principles and tools for the development of new materials, new/improved design and fabrication strategies, and innovation methodologies. * Corresponding author e-mail address:   jmano@dep.uminho.pt...