... in particular varies with the compaction ratio of the soil. 2 K mob = K 0 + ( K P − K 0 ) [ 1 − ( 1 − d range 0.05 H ) 2 ] 0.7 ≤ K P bridge bridge monitoring earth pressure soil–structure interaction testing...

... associated with integral bridge design arise from soil–structure interaction, as thermal movements of the deck repeatedly thrust the abutments into and away from the retained backfill, as shown in Figure 2 . Strains imposed on the soil by the abutments lead to stress transfer back onto the structure...