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“The date which will live in infamy,” December 7, 1941, is branded in our consciousness as the day the most famous surprise attack of the 20th century was launched. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the nation into joining a war many of its citizens were trying desperately to avoid. But perhaps the most instructive part of the story is not that Pearl Harbor happened, but that the United States ignored at least three separate signals that the Japanese would attack.

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