... of the bias school, it is tempting to believe that it is the most helpful explanation for project underperformance; however, this is often not the case. Indeed, it can help anticipate behavioral biases and the risk they pose and, consequently, add an uplift on top of an estimate and a contingency to projects...

... meat” for Rentokil's ambitious managers. In the case of Thompson, all of his misleading experiences were biasing his judgment in one way – towards acquisition. In other cases, we may find a more diverse mix of misleading experiences – some resulting in a bias towards one option, others creating...