... of India–Africa merchandise trade, with particular attention to the economic and institutional factors that shape bilateral trade flows. F1 F13 F14 O19 O24 O55 India Africa Trade Gravity model Economic cooperation Institutional quality Governance Corruption © 2026 Emerald...

..., to 1.29% in 2008, and declining to 0.37 in 2019. The decline, notwithstanding, the outflow of FDI does not augur well for employment and living standard. O20 D73 F21 O55 The neoclassical theory posits that return on investment is the fundamental factor influencing capital flows across...

...) . Mostafa E. AboElsoud can be contacted at: aboelsoud@commerce.suez.edu.eg © Emerald Publishing Limited 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Egypt VAR Economic growth Foreign AID C32 F35 O11 O55 Table I. Key facts on the evolution of AID, 1980...

... or in part by another journal. 01 F21 F43 D04 O55 (2) Δ Y t = a t + δ t +   λ Y t − 1 + ∑ i = 1 ρ ∅   Δ Y t − i +   ∑ i = 1 ρ − 1 θ   Δ X t − 1 +   ε t Where, Δ is first-difference I (1...