While there have been improvements to urban fire risk reduction in recent decades, these gains have not been experienced in all locations. Historical precincts in developing countries are still at high risk of urban fire due to their urban form features. However, research on how to reduce risk in this context is limited. This research aims to investigate how the urban form of the Mandalay historical precinct contributes to urban fire risk, and how this risk might be addressed in future.
This research applied an embedded single case study approach. An analytical framework for the assessment of seven urban form elements was developed. The physical characteristics of these urban form elements in the Mandalay historical precinct were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.
The results indicate that urban form in the Mandalay historical precinct contributes to increased urban fire risk due to the precinct’s concentrated and largely unplanned development pattern. Traditional building style, the lack of building setbacks, limited open space and narrow road networks are likely to facilitate the growth and spread of urban fire, should ignition occur. Moreover, a lack of access to functional fire hydrants can interrupt firefighting processes. The research identifies where improvement to the management of urban form can be made to decrease urban fire risk in the Mandalay historical precinct.
The research reported in this article contributes to improving urban fire risk reduction through urban form management in historical precincts. The article demonstrates how to assess urban fire risk in culturally important historic areas. The analytical framework developed can be applied to other cities in developing countries.
