Planning and delivering a major expansion of the Tema container port in Ghana

A US$1 billion expansion of Tema container port in Ghana was completed in 2020, providing a four-fold increase in capacity. This paper describes the planning, procurement, design and construction of the works, which included four new berths, a 3.6 km rock breakwater, 7 million m³ of dredging, 10 million m³ of reclamation and 127 ha of support buildings and handling plant. The design significantly reduced the carbon dioxide footprint of the development and minimised the impact on the local population and environment.