... the balance of power. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2006 Corporate communications Pressure groups Modern social and community activism developed shortly before issue management was born in the late 1970s as a defined corporate business discipline. Thirty years later the two movements...

... campaigning. environmental damage caused by chem- icals, over 40 years since it was published. In religious art, an icon is a representation Pressure groups have long recognised of Christ or the Madonna, for example, which reproduces not only their appearance but also their sanctity.1 Although the the power...

... issues is formed, and why pressure group campaigning is so successful at influencing it. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the consequences for industry and government. © MCB UP Limited 1996 Psychology Pressure groups Environment Journal of Communication Management Volume 1...