...Marcin Kozak Purpose This article aims to highlight the problem of unclear, inconsistent and potentially misleading terminology in the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI). It underscores the need for the scientific community to establish coherent and precise AI-related...

..., was traced, following which a universal classification with a new descriptive terminology was constructed. Findings Citation systems are defined herein as direct (with citation and reference together in the text) or indirect (with citation within the text, and reference outside the text). Direct systems...