..., human capital (HC) and urbanization. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional dependence is tested using the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test, followed by second-generation unit root tests. Pedroni's panel cointegration and Westurlund test confirm long-run relationships. The Panel Mean Group...

... is negative, as more issuance of green bonds reduces CO₂ emissions, confirming results from the existing empirical literature. The study found that more foreign direct investment (FDI) and urbanization lead to more CO₂ emissions, while increase in trade openness helps reduce...

...Abdul Farooq; Ahsan Anwar; Muhammad Ahad; Ghulam Shabbir; Zulfiqar Ali Imran Purpose This research aims to inspect the existence of the “environmental Kuznets curve” (EKC) in the presence of foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD) and urbanization throughout 1972–2018...

...Chukwuebuka Bernard Azolibe Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the two-way causal nexus between macroeconomic factors such as foreign aid, industrialization, economic growth, population growth, urbanization, control of corruption and the infrastructure development index of the top...