Figure 1. Three-phase logic of the 5D fuzzy game-theoretic framework Source: Authors’ own work A 3-phase workflow combines uncertainty modelling, 5 D optimisation and automated decision intelligence to produce schedule, resource and site plans. The workflow contains 3 phases. Phase 1 is Unc... More about this image found in Three-phase logic of the 5D fuzzy game-theoretic framework Source: Autho...

Figure 2. 5D Pareto front scatter plot matrix Source: Authors’ own work A matrix of histograms and scatter plots compares Z 1 Time, Z 2 Cost, Z 3 Space, Z 4 Resources and Z 5 Quality across paired values. The matrix contains 5 variables: Z 1 Time, Z 2 Cost, Z 3 Space, Z 4 Resources and Z 5 ... More about this image found in 5D Pareto front scatter plot matrix Source: Authors’ own work A matri...

Figure 3. Parallel coordinates plot Source: Authors’ own work A parallel-coordinates chart compares Fastest, Cheapest, Best Quality, Balanced and Proposed solutions across 5 normalised project objectives. The parallel-coordinates chart compares solutions across Z 1 Time, Z 2 Cost, Z 3 Space... More about this image found in Parallel coordinates plot Source: Authors’ own work A parallel-coordi...

Figure 4. Monte Carlo validation of fuzzy model Source: Authors’ own work A 2-panel validation chart compares Monte Carlo simulation cumulative distributions with fuzzy estimates for project duration and cost. The chart contains 2 panels. Panel A presents duration validation. The horizontal... More about this image found in Monte Carlo validation of fuzzy model Source: Authors’ own work A 2-p...

Figure 1. Research process A research workflow progresses from literature review and study design through data collection and analysis to empirical findings, theory and recommendations. The workflow is organised into Literature, Design, Collection, Analysis and Output stages. It begins with a ... More about this image found in Research process A research workflow progresses from literature review a...

Figure 1. Conceptual framework linking the ISO 50001 PDCA cycle, energy performance indicators and SDG 11 targets in primary healthcare buildings Source : Authors’ own work A flowchart links the I S O 50001 energy management cycle to sustainability indicators and S D G 11 outcomes. The... More about this image found in Conceptual framework linking the ISO 50001 PDCA cycle, energy performan...

Figure 2. Combined graph of minimum temperatures and aggregate consumption of UBSs Source: Authors’ own work A combined bar and line chart compares monthly aggregate consumption and minimum temperature from January 2023 to March 2025. The bars represent aggregate consumption in kilowatt hou... More about this image found in Combined graph of minimum temperatures and aggregate consumption of UBSs ...

Figure 3. Correlation between aggregated electricity consumption and temperature: (a) mean temperature (r = 0.674); (b) minimum temperature (r = 0.716) Source: Authors’ own work Two scatter plots relate aggregate consumption to mean and minimum temperature with trend lines and 95 per cent confidence bands. The panel a scatter plot compares mean temperature from 14 to 26 degrees Celsius with aggregate consumption from about 5000 to 18500 kilowatt hours. The trend line increases from about 4500 kilowatt hours at 14 degrees Celsius to about 14500 kilowatt hours at 26 degrees Celsius. The real data points spread widely around the trend, and the 95 per cent confidence interval broadens towards both ends. The panel b scatter plot compares minimum temperature from about 2.5 to 20 degrees Celsius with aggregate consumption from about 5000 to 19000 kilowatt hours. The trend line increases from about 5000 kilowatt hours at 2.5 degrees Celsius to about 15000 kilowatt hours at 20 degrees Celsius. The observed data points vary around the trend, and the 95 per cent confidence band covers a broad range across the temperature scale. More about this image found in Correlation between aggregated electricity consumption and temperature: (a)...

Figure 4. Recommendations for the implementation of energy management and smart grid solutions in basic health unit buildings Source: Authors’ own work A four-phase process diagram outlines energy management from initial assessment to monitoring and evaluation. The process begins with phase... More about this image found in Recommendations for the implementation of energy management and smart grid ...

Figure 1. Methodology and workflow of the study Source: Authors’ own work A flowchart outlines 3 methods, their activities and processes, and outcomes for developing and assessing C S S A F. The process begins with method 1, systematic literature review, which identifies existing S S A T s ... More about this image found in Methodology and workflow of the study Source: Authors’ own work A flo...

Figure 2. Network visualization of CSSAF categories as related to categories of existing tools Source: Authors’ own work A network diagram maps relationships among community assessment themes and connected indicators. The network diagram connects community assessment themes through linked... More about this image found in Network visualization of CSSAF categories as related to categories of exi...

Figure 3. Sankey diagram showing the mapping of indicators from CSSAF categories and subcategories to tools Source: Authors’ own work A Sankey diagram links 23 tools with 6 categories and 18 subcategories of the C S S A F framework. The Sankey diagram connects tools T 1 through T 23 to 6 ... More about this image found in Sankey diagram showing the mapping of indicators from CSSAF categories an...

Figure 4. Breadth of coverage at category level and subcategory level Source: Authors’ own work Two bar charts compare breadth of coverage across 23 tools at category and subcategory levels. The bar charts compare breadth of coverage for tools T 1 through T 23. Panel a shows breadth of cove... More about this image found in Breadth of coverage at category level and subcategory level Source: Auth...