This study aims to develop an integrated framework to help managers handle paradoxical tensions in supply chain management (SCM), closing a gap in applying paradox theory to real-world operational decisions.
A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol was conducted, analyzing 40 peer-reviewed articles. To strengthen the analysis, a bibliometric keyword co-occurrence mapping using VOSviewer was also performed.
The study identifies five core paradoxical tensions in SCM and synthesizes 15 strategic propositions to address them. These propositions are supported by a cognitive-structural-technological lens, referring to how managerial mindset (cognitive), organizational setup (structural) and digital tools (technological) interact to support “both/and” decision-making. A visual toolkit and a heatmap are developed to help managers act on persistent SCM tensions.
This study advances paradox theory in SCM by translating it into practical strategies. A unified “Paradox Cognition Decision Framework” (PCDF) presented enables firms to make supply chains more resilient, flexible and sustainable.
