Collaborative robots, or “cobots”, are central to the development of Industry 5.0, enabling enhanced human–machine collaboration and improved operational productivity. However, their increasing integration within cyber-physical systems raises significant cybersecurity concerns. This study examines the interplay between cobots, cybersecurity vulnerabilities and Industry 5.0, with particular emphasis on software vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks and their effects on productivity. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, the research further investigates how the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) networks shapes these relationships.
The study employs quantitative analysis based on data collected from 134 industry professionals involved in cyber-physical production systems.
The results indicate that software vulnerabilities negatively affect productivity within cyber-physical production environments and disrupt operational efficiency in IoT-enabled networks. Cyber-attacks are found to significantly reduce employee productivity and undermine network resilience. At the same time, IoT integration enhances product testing efficiency, while cobot deployment contributes to improved workplace safety.
This study contributes to the emerging literature on cybersecurity in Industry 5.0. It highlights the role of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) and robust IoT protocols in strengthening data security and operational resilience. The findings offer practical insights for managers seeking to integrate cybersecurity measures effectively, thereby supporting resilient, sustainable, secure and human-centric automation in Industry 5.0 contexts.
