... lowest (physical and datalink) layers of the OSI/ISO model. This standard includes data encryption capability for mobile devices by having the access point issue an encrypted challenge packet and expecting the client to use its key and encrypt a correct response to authenticate itself for network access...

.... Proposes mechanisms of encryption, protection, authentication, and verification as antecedents of perceived information security. These mechanisms are derived from technological solutions to security threats that are visible to consumers and hence contribute to actual consumer perceptions. Tests...