... not cover either. Hence, the stochastic method based on the probability theory combining fuzzy theory is proposed to deal with decision-making problems in imprecise and uncertain environments. Most notably, the proposed model has novelty as it captures and reveals both the stochastic perspective...

... Fuzzy logic Investments Decision making Probability theory An investment project is a series of cash inflows and outflows, typically starting with a cash outflow (the initial investment outlay) followed by cash inflows and/or cash outflows in later periods (years). Investment decisions...