... for automotive sector and policy makers like vehicle technologies prioritization, differentiating R&D activities, developing sustainability-focused products and developing regulatory policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Originality/value This study proposes Decomposed Spherical Fuzzy Z numbers...

... with Z-numbers. The weights required for this method are obtained by a variant of the BWM based on Z-numbers, denoted as Z-numbers Best-Worst Method, or ZBWM. Since decision-makers face an uncertain environment, Z-numbers, which are a kind of fuzzy numbers, are applied. Findings First, after...