Research on fire dynamics of advertising materials in airport terminals

Combusted advertising materials in airport terminals act as significant ignition sources that trigger spatially constrained fire propagation due to material segregation, yet generate substantial thermal plumes resulting in structural compromise. Numerical simulations conducted via fire dynamics simulator reveal rapid stratification of buoyant smoke reaching 300°C upon ceiling impingement, creating jets that directly threaten terminal steel integrity through sustained thermal exposure exceeding critical degradation thresholds. The lateral smoke spread, demonstrating ventilation system efficacy by covering only three-eighths of the second floor at 700 s with 58% containment in mechanically controlled zones, contrasts sharply with uncontrolled dispersion patterns. Crucially, despite severe visibility impairment at ceiling elevations and localized obscuration near the ignition source, ground-layer visibility remained above 20 m due to a 9 m + plume-ceiling separation, preserving viable evacuation routes during the critical response phase. These findings necessitate prescribed design modifications including optimized billboard distancing protocols and priority structural fireproofing to mitigate thermomechanical failure risks identified through quantified thermal parameters in terminal infrastructure operation and design validation.