Influence of glutaraldehyde cross-linking with polymer/heteropolyacid membranes

A class of materials that are composed of a combination of glutaraldehyde, phosphotungstic acid and poly(vinyl alcohol) was fabricated, and their structural, thermal and pore-size properties were studied. The obtained results confirmed that the composites could be promising electrolytes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells operating at low/intermediate temperatures. These results, together with others, are reported and discussed herein.