... behavior under varying loads. Challenges such as bond failure, shrinkage, corrosion, and material strength uncertainties further limit its structural application. To address these issues, this study employs an extreme learning machine to predict deflection in plain cement concrete beams, steel-reinforced...

... Considering the complexity of WEDM operation, numerical modeling cannot be used to predict its performance characteristics precisely. A regression equation based on RSM is more accurate and easier to formulate. Based on various control factors, RSM refers to a group of statistical tools and techniques...