... are functions of concrete compressive strength ( f c ′ ), its initial elastic modulus (E_o), and normalised invariants of strain I 1 ε 3 and J 2 ′ e 3 2 . Initially, artificial neural networks ( ANN ) were used...

...Xiaobang Zhang, PhD; Yong Lu Recent studies demonstrate that the wavelet energy–based features are highly sensitive to local damages, and accurate damage identification could be achieved by integrating such features with neural networks. However, the robustness of the features in practical...