Revitalising brownfields: a just transition to clean energy and energy equity

Energy poverty, impacting millions in the UK, exacerbates social and economic inequality by limiting access to affordable and sustainable energy. This issue is intensified by rising energy costs, inefficient housing, and broader systemic injustices. Simultaneously, the UK’s commitment to decarbonisation and net zero by 2050 necessitates significant renewable energy expansion, creating land use conflicts. Brownfield sites – previously developed but now underutilised or contaminated land – offer an innovative solution to both crises by providing space for renewable energy projects, such as solar and wind installations. Despite their potential, challenges exist in redeveloping brownfield sites, including environmental contamination, regulatory complexity, and financial barriers. However, addressing these through targeted policies, incentives, and community-led energy initiatives can enhance energy justice, ensuring fair access to clean energy. Using the PRISMA framework, this paper explores the alignment of brownfield redevelopment with the three core principles of energy justice: distributive, procedural, and recognition justice. Repurposing these underutilised lands enables a more equitable distribution of energy resources, fosters community engagement in decision making, and acknowledges the historical neglect faced by marginalised communities. To materialise these goals, supportive policies and simplified approval processes should be implemented, while community-led energy models should be promoted to boost local involvement and ensure fairness.