... content of a soil layer exceeds field capacity and the underlying layer is not saturated. Water that percolates out of the bottom layer of soil enters the vadose zone before recharging the shallow aquifer. The shallow aquifer contributes base flow directly to the total streamflow whereas water...

...Mohamed H. Nour; Daniel W. Smith; Mohamed Gamal El-Din; Ellie E. Prepas Most of the currently available streamflow neural network models are either recurrent neural networks or feed-forward multi-layer perceptron (FF-MLP) requiring past flow values for lead time prediction. These models cannot...