... to model the stones and grout individually. Results indicate a significant reduction in either the strength or bonding capacity of the mortar will lead to instability in the wall sections studied. The research identifies a new general mechanism of failure for multi-wythe masonry walls...

... Figure 3 Collapse on digger arm 16 07 2013 30 10 2013 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2014 Figure 1 Three-dimensional sketch before and picture after collapse conservation failures history There are few things more likely to create a hush around...

...Nicholas Bill, PhD The nineteenth century saw numerous bridge failures across the UK, Europe and North America as engineers struggled to master the difficulties of constructing in iron, particularly cast iron. Following the collapse of Robert Stephenson's (1803–1859) Dee Bridge in 1848, engineers...

... and backstays. Although it was the largest cable-stayed bridge built up to that time, and so many people died and/or were injured, little was published about the disaster in the nascent technical press (Chrimes, 1985). Cable-stayed bridge failures were discussed by Drewry (1832) and Bender (1868...

... the problem of buttress design. Today, an architect or engineer assessing the structural safety of a historical construction needs to estimate the safety of the buttress system with accuracy. This is not an easy matter. Among other possible failures, a buttress may fracture under certain conditions...

...A. Neville Part I of this paper (Engineering History and Heritage, 2009) dealt with the Stone Committee Report as a solution to the problem of failure of HAC Concrete in structures. This part discusses the reasons why the problems arose: in a nutshell, ignorance of the behaviour of HAC...

... to chemical attack; this is discussed Section 4 of the companion paper. 1 1 4 2008 8 8 2008 © 2009 The authors and the Institution of Civil Engineers 2009 concrete structures failures history The Stone Committee was named after its chairman, Brigadier Bernard Stone...

... in keeping practice up to date and taking advantage of innovation. 01 4 2008 15 7 2008 © 2009 The authors and the Institution of Civil Engineers 2009 bridges dangers & hazards failures The failure of four steel box-girder bridges occurred during erection in the late...